Mid Term Question
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Protostomes and deuterostomes are two different types of animal developmental patterns. The main difference between them is the way in which their digestive system develops.
In protostomes, the mouth is formed first, followed by the anus. The embryonic cells divide spirally and determinately. This means that the fate of each cell is predetermined, and they differentiate into specific structures as the embryo develops. Protostomes include animals such as arthropods, mollusks, and annelids.
In deuterostomes, the anus is formed first, followed by the
mouth. The embryonic cells divide radially and indeterminately. This means that
the fate of each cell is not predetermined, and they can develop into different
structures depending on signals from surrounding cells. Deuterostomes include
animals such as echinoderms, chordates, and hemichordates.
Another difference between protostomes and deuterostomes is
their pattern of coelom formation. In protostomes, the coelom forms from solid
masses of mesodermal cells. In deuterostomes, the coelom forms from
outpocketings of the primitive gut.
Overall, the main differences between protostomes and
deuterostomes are their patterns of embryonic development, including the order
in which the mouth and anus form and the way in which the coelom develops.
Diploblastic and triploblastic are terms used to describe the number of germ layers in an organism's body during embryonic development.
Diploblastic organisms have two germ layers (ectoderm and endoderm), while triploblastic organisms have three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm).
In diploblastic organisms, the ectoderm gives rise to the outer layer of cells, such as the skin and nervous system, while the endoderm gives rise to the inner layer of cells, such as the lining of the digestive tract. These two layers are separated by a non-cellular layer called the mesoglea, which is found in organisms like jellyfish.
In contrast, triploblastic organisms have a mesoderm layer in addition to the ectoderm and endoderm. The mesoderm gives rise to various structures, such as muscles, bones, and blood vessels.
Overall, the presence of an additional germ layer in triploblastic organisms allows for greater structural complexity and specialization in organ systems, as compared to diploblastic organisms.
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