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Question:

Some organisms that appear very closely related may not actually be closely related. Why is this?

1. There are cases where organisms used to be closely related but diverged from each other and no longer look closely related.
2. There are cases where organisms can interbreed making them look like a single species, when in fact they are not closely related at all.
3. There are cases where organisms evolved through convergence and appear closely related but are not.
4. There are cases when extremely distant taxa can recombine into a single group.

Choose the correct answer and Provide 4-5 line explanation with example.

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SOLUTION

The correct answer is (3).

There are cases where organisms evolved through convergence and appear closely related but are not.

Convergence, also known as convergent evolution, occurs when two or more unrelated organisms develop similar traits or characteristics due to living in similar environments or facing similar selective pressures. This can result in organisms appearing closely related, but in reality, they are not genetically related or derived from a common ancestor.

For example, the wings of bats and birds are an example of convergence. Both organisms developed wings for flight, but their wings are structurally different, with bats having wings made of skin stretched over elongated fingers while birds have wings made of feathers. Despite their different structures, both sets of wings allow for efficient flight, resulting in convergent evolution.

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