SOC402 ASSIGNMENT 1 SOLUTION FALL 2023 | SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES | VuTech

SOC402 ASSIGNMENT 1 SOLUTION FALL 2023 | ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY | VuTech

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Scenario:

Reference group theory as discussed by Robert K. Merton that there is a drive within individuals to gain accurate self-evaluations, comparison and normative guidance from other group’s characteristics and attributes. It is the group to which the individual relates or wishes to relate himself or herself ordering his or her experiences, perceptions, cognition, and ideas of self. These groups become the basis of reference in making comparisons or contrasts and in evaluating one’s appearance and performance. These reference groups can be based on various influential factors in choosing a reference individual, group or class.

Question:

Your task is to discuss any four influential factors that orient you to choose reference individual, group or class with reasons. Factors can be social class, power, prestige, values, age or any other factor of individual or group.

Solution:

Choosing reference individuals, groups, or classes is influenced by various factors that shape our self-evaluations and guide our behaviors, as discussed in reference group theory by Robert K. Merton. Here are four influential factors:

Social Class:

Reason:

Social class plays a significant role in shaping one's identity and lifestyle. Individuals often choose reference groups that align with their social class, as these groups share similar economic circumstances, education levels, and cultural values. Associating with a reference group from the same social class provides a basis for comparison that feels relevant and relatable.

Values and Beliefs:

Reason:

Shared values and beliefs are powerful factors in choosing reference groups. Individuals tend to associate with groups that reflect their own moral, ethical, and cultural perspectives. This alignment provides a sense of belonging and reinforces a shared worldview. Choosing a reference group based on shared values helps individuals validate their own beliefs and behaviors.

Age Cohort:

Reason:

People often seek reference from individuals or groups within their age cohort. This is because individuals of similar ages may face similar life challenges, cultural influences, and societal expectations. Reference groups comprised of peers can offer relevant benchmarks for comparison in terms of lifestyle choices, career development, and personal achievements. Age-based reference groups provide a sense of commonality and understanding.

Power and Influence:

Reason:

Individuals may choose reference groups based on power and influence, aspiring to associate with those who hold positions of authority or have significant impact in their respective fields. Aligning with powerful or influential reference groups can provide access to valuable resources, opportunities, and networks. It also offers a framework for evaluating success and achievement based on the standards set by influential figures.

The factors influencing the choice of reference individuals, groups, or classes are multifaceted and often interconnected. Social class, values, age, and power are just a few of the key factors that guide individuals in seeking accurate self-evaluations and normative guidance from their chosen reference groups, as outlined in reference group theory.

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