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ZOO102 ASSIGNMENT NO. 1 FALL 2022 |
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ZOO102 ASSIGNMENT NO. 1 FALL 2022 || 100% RIGHT SOLUTION || PRINCIPLE OF ANIMAL LIFE || BY VuTech
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ZOO102
ASSIGNMENT NO. 1
PRINCIPLE OF ANIMAL LIFE
FALL 2022
LAST
DATE: 28 - 11 - 2022
Question No.01:
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Why Biomolecules are important for the life?
Answer:
Biomolecules are basically organic
molecules that include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They
are important for the survival of living cells. Moreover, among biomolecules,
nucleic acids, namely DNA and RNA, have the unique function of storing an
organism's genetic code—the sequence of nucleotides that determines the amino
acid sequence of proteins, which are of critical importance to life on Earth. The diversity in their shape and structure provides diversity in
their functions.
Proteins
Proteins are the primary building
materials of the body. Your hair, skin, muscles, and organs are composed mostly
of proteins. Proteins are strong yet flexible, and they have a complex 3-D
structure. Amino acids are the basic building blocks of
proteins. There are 20 amino acids that are important to humans, and all
proteins are made from combinations of these subunits. Chains of amino acids
are called peptides. When food is consumed, the proteins are broken down into
their constituent amino acids and rebuilt into the proteins of the body.
However, excess amino acids are not stored for future use, and the body only
starts to break down its own proteins during starvation, when the ordinary
sources of fuel are not available.
Fats (lipids)
Fats are the primary long-term energy
storage molecules of the body. Fats are very compact and light weight, so they
are an efficient way to store excess energy. A fat is made up of a glycerol. Most of the energy from fats comes from
the many carbon bonds in these long, fatty acid chains. Fatty acids connect to
glycerol in the region where each molecule has an -O-H group. Two hydrogens and
one oxygen are split off, forming H-O-H (water) and the long carbon chain is
attached to the glycerol. Each glycerol can carry up to three fatty acid
chains,. When each
fatty acid is attached to glycerol, a water molecule is produced. To reverse
the reaction and split the fatty acid from the glycerol, just add water and
energy.
Carbohydrates
Glucose, a 6-carbon sugar, is a simple
carbohydrate or "mono-saccharide." Sugar is a source of quick
energy for the body because it is easily metabolized (broken down). Larger,
more "complex carbohydrates" are made by stringing together chains of
glucose subunits into di-saccharides, tri-saccharides, poly-saccharides. Starch
is a complex carbohydrate which plants create for energy storage, and is the
most common carbohydrate in the human diet. Foods like potatoes, corn, rice,
and wheat are rich in starch. Animals break the starches back down into glucose
subunits and convert the glucose into glycogen for storage. Glycogen is a complex storage molecule made
from glucose using insulin. Diabetics, who lack insulin, cannot make glycogen
so they excrete excess sugar in their urine. Glucose is broken down through a
process called glycolysis (lysis means splitting) in order
to release energy stored in the carbon-carbon bonds.
Nucleic Acids
These molecules contain the genetic
code, which has all the information necessary to build the body. The basic unit
is called a nucleotide, which is composed of a sugar-phosphate backbone
attached to one of four nitrogenous bases; cytosine, guanine, adenine or
thymine. C joins to G, and G to C by three hydrogen bonds, indicated by the
dotted lines. A joins to T and T to A by two hydrogen bonds.
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