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One of the most popular
theories of cognitive development was created by Jean Piaget, a Swisspsychologist who believed that cognitive
growth occurred in stages. Piaget studied children in aneffort to determine how they developed logical thinking. He
attempted to document the stages ofcognitive
development by observing the memory processes of children. The four stages are:sensorimotor,preoperational, concreteoperational
and formaloperational.
Read the given four
descriptions of the cognitive development of different individuals to identifyat which stage of cognitive development
they are as given by Jean Paget. Moreover, you have togivejustificationfor theidentified stageofcognitivedevelopment (byJean
Piaget).
S.No.
Description of Cognitive Development
Identification of the
stage of cognitive
development was given by
Jean Piaget
(1x4)
Justification (4x4)
1.
Sara
begins
to think symbolically and learns to use words and pictures to represent
objects. She is getting better with language and thinking. She learns through
pretend play but still struggle with logic and taking the point of view of
other people. She also often struggles with understanding the idea of
constancy.
Preoperational Stage
During this stage (toddler through
age 7), young children are able to think about things symbolically. Their
language use becomes more mature. They also develop memory and imagination,
which allows them to understand the difference between past and future, and
engage in make-believe.
2.
Atif
begins to think abstractly and reason about hypothetical problems. He thinks
more about moral, philosophical, ethical, social, and political issues that
require theoretical and abstract reasoning. He uses deductive logic or
reasoning from a general principle to specific information. He can systematically
plan for the future.
Formal Operational Stage
The formal operational stage is characterized by the
ability to formulate hypotheses and systematically test them to arrive at an
answer to a problem. The individual in the formal stage is also able to think
abstractly and understand the form or structure of a mathematical problem.
3.
Ali
learns about the world through his senses. He does basic actions to interact
with his world like grasping, sucking, looking, and listening. He starts to
imitate others around him. He realizes that his actions can cause things to
happen in the world around him. He begins to attach names and
words to objects.
Sensorimotor Stage
The sensorimotor stage typically takes place within the
first two years of a child's life. It is marked by the child discovering the
difference between themselves and their environment. At that point, they will
use their senses to learn things about both themselves and their environment.
4.
Bano
begins using inductive logic, or reasoning from specific information to a
general principle. She understands the concept of conservation; that the
amount of liquid in a short, wide cup is equal to that in a tall, skinny
glass. She also becomes less egocentric and begins to think about how other
people might think and feel.
Concrete
Operational Stage
The concrete operational child is
able to make use of logical principles in solving problems involving the
physical world. For example, the child can understand the principles of cause
and effect, size, and distance.
MarksScheme
Each description of Cognitive Development carries 5 Marks
(1=identification, 4=justification)5x4=20
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