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MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions )
1) For two mutually exclusive events A and B, P(A) = 0.2 and P(B) = 0.4,
then P(A`\cup`B) is:
a) 0.8
b)0.2
c)0.6
d)0.5
Correct Answer:
The correct answer is 'c'.
Explanation:
To find the probability of the union of two mutually exclusive events, A
and B, we need to consider that mutually exclusive events cannot occur at
the same time. In other words, if event A happens, event B cannot happen,
and vice versa.
The formula for the union of two mutually exclusive events is:
P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B)
Since A and B are mutually exclusive, we know that P(A∩B) (the probability
of both A and B occurring) is 0.
So, applying the formula:
P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) = 0.2 + 0.4 = 0.6
Therefore, the probability of the union of A and B, denoted as P(A∪B), is
0.6.
______________________________
2) When two coins are tossed the probability of at most one head
is:
a) `1/4`
b) `2/4`
c) `3/4`
d) `4/4`
Correct Answer:
The correct answer is 'c'.
Explanation:
To find the probability of getting at most one head when two coins are
tossed, we can consider the possible outcomes:
Two tails: This outcome has a probability of `(1/2) * (1/2) = 1/4` since
each coin has a `1/2` probability of landing on tails.
One head and one tail: There are two possible ways this can occur: (head,
tail) or (tail, head). Each of these outcomes has a probability of `(1/2) *
(1/2) = 1/4`. So the total probability for this case is `1/4 + 1/4 =
1/2`.
Adding up the probabilities of the two favorable outcomes (getting two
tails and getting one head and one tail), we get:
Probability = `1/4 + 1/2 = 3/4`
______________________________
3) A value that has half of the observations above it and half of the
observations below it, is known as _________
a) Range
b) Median
c) Mean
d) Mode
Correct Answer:
The correct answer is 'b'.
Explanation:
The median is the middle value in distribution when the values are arranged
in ascending or descending order. The median divides the distribution in
half (50% of observations are on either side of the median value).
______________________________
4) In a set of 20 values all the values are 10, what will be the
median?
a) 2
b) 5
c) 10
d) 20
Correct Answer:
The correct answer is 'c'.
Explanation:
If all 20 values in the set are 10, the median will also be 10. The median
is the middle value when the data is arranged in ascending or descending
order. In this case, since all the values are the same, any value you pick
from the set will be the middle value, and therefore, the median will be
10.
______________________________
5) Which one of the following measures is not based on all the
observations?
a) Arithmetic Mean
b) Geometric Mean
c) Harmonic Mean
d) Mode
Correct Answer:
The correct answer is 'd'.
Explanation:
The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a dataset. Unlike the
other measures mentioned (arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and harmonic
mean), the mode does not take into account all the observations in the
dataset. It only focuses on identifying the most common value or
values.
______________________________
6) The collection of all the elements under study is called:
a) Population
b) Sample
c) Data
d) Registration
Correct Answer:
The correct answer is 'a'.
Explanation:
In statistics, the collection of items under study is called population or
universe. This includes every element of the study.
______________________________
7) A five-number summary consists of :
a) `X_0` , `Q_1` , Median , `Q_3` , and `X_m`
b)`X_m` , `Q_1` , Mean , `Q_3` , and `X_0`
c)`X_m` , `Q_1` , Mode , `Q_3` , and `X_0`
d)`X_0` , `Q_1` , Median , `Q_2` , and `X_m`
Correct Answer:
The correct answer is 'a'.
Explanation:
A five-number summary typically consists of the minimum value (`X_0`), the
first quartile (`Q_1`), the median, the third quartile (`Q_3`), and the
maximum value (`X_m`). These five values provide a summary of the
distribution of a dataset and are commonly used in descriptive statistics
and box plots.
______________________________
8) For what condition of k, at least `1-1/k^2` of the data-values fall
within k standard deviations of the mean:
a) Greater than 1
b) Less than 1
c)Greater or equal to 1
d)Less or equal to 1
Correct Answer:
The correct answer is 'a'.
Explanation:
Chebyshev's inequality says that at least the `1-1/K^2` of data from a
sample must fall within K standard deviations from the mean (here K is any
positive real number greater than one).
______________________________
9) Which of the following can never be taken as the probability of an
event?
a) 1
b) 0
c) 0.5
d) -0.5
Correct Answer:
The correct answer is 'd'.
Explanation:
In probability theory, the probability of an event is a value between 0
and 1, inclusive. Therefore, the only answer choice that cannot be taken
as the probability of an event is -0.5.
Negative values are not valid probabilities because probabilities represent
the likelihood of an event occurring, and they cannot be negative. The range
of probabilities is from 0 (indicating an impossible event) to 1 (indicating
a certain event).
______________________________
10) If E is an impossible event, then P(E)
a) 1
b) 0.15
c) 0
d) 0.5
Correct Answer:
The correct answer is 'c'.
Explanation:
P(E) = 0 if and only if E is an impossible event.
______________________________
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