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ENG506 ASSIGNMENT NO. 1 FALL 2022 |
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World Englishes (Eng506)
Fall 2022
Assignment
No. 1
Total
Marks: 20
Lectures:
23-32
LAST DATE: 23-01-2023
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QUESTION.
Define
the term language planning as given by Cooper (2002). List SIX characteristics
of ‘Top down’ and ‘Bottom up’ language policy each. Also, list SIX factors
which determine the place of a language in language policy.
(2+6+6+6=
20 Marks)
SOLUTION:
Language planning, as defined by Cooper (2002), is
the deliberate and systematic attempt to influence the function, structure, and
acquisition of languages in society.
Six characteristics of 'Top-down' language policy
are:
1. Centralized decision-making
2. Imposition of a standard language
3. Use of language as a tool of oppression
4. Limited recognition of minority languages
5. Little or no input from speakers of minority
languages
6. Emphasis on linguistic homogeneity
Six characteristics of 'Bottom-up' language policy
are:
1. Decentralized decision-making
2. Recognition and support of linguistic diversity
3. Empowerment of minority language speakers
4. Development of local languages
5. Greater input from speakers of minority languages
6. Emphasis on linguistic pluralism
Six factors that determine the place of a language
in language policy are:
1. Demographic factors, such as the number of speakers
of a language
2. Economic factors, such as the language's usefulness
in the marketplace
3. Political factors, such as the language's
association with a particular group or ideology
4. Historical factors, such as the language's role in
the country's past
5. Psychological factors, such as the language's
emotional significance to individuals
6. Sociolinguistic factors, such as the language's role
in maintaining social boundaries or promoting social cohesion.
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